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Mikhail Tolstykh
Mikhail Sergeyevich Tolstykh ((ロシア語:Михаи́л Серге́евич Толсты́х)), better known by his callsign Givi (Ги́ви), is a commander in the pro-Russian separatist "Somali Battalion" () in the War in Donbass. In an online interview, Givi claimed that he is from Ilovaisk and served in the Ukrainian Army from 1998 to 2000 before working at a sling rope factory.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Interview with NAF commander Givi about his personal life )〕 He is 34 as of October 2014; his civilian name is Mikhail Tolstykh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=(subs ) Givi gives his number! Interview by Graham Phillips )〕 In an interview he stated that his great-grandfather was an ethnic Georgian.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Donbass fighter Givi addressing to Georgians () )〕
He joined the separatists in the early stages of the war and was involved in the Battle of Ilovaisk. Givi led separatists in the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport. He received widespread fame in October 2014 when a video of him ignoring a rocket artillery strike landing near enough to him for shrapnel to fall at his feet was uploaded to YouTube and gained over 1,000,000 views.
On February 16, Mikhail Tolstykh was included by the European Council in the sanctions list.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:JOL_2015_040_R_0004 )〕
==Mistreatment of prisoners==
In January 2015, several videos surfaced of Tolstykh physically abusing prisoners captured at the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport. The videos show Tolstykh clearly identifying himself before grabbing the prisoners by the face, brandishing a dagger, and cutting off military insignia and forcing them into the prisoners' mouths. Oleksandra Matviychuk, head of the Kiev-based Center for Civil Liberties, calls what appears in the videos "flagrant violations of the Geneva Conventions" and says she is preparing the groundwork for prosecution. Pro-Russian separatist militia though maintains that he could not violate the Geneva Convention as neither the Donetsk People's Republic nor the militia of Novorossia have signed the Convention.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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